ITC Product Mix, BCG Matrix - 1040 Words

IMPERIAL TOBACCO COMPANY ITC is an Indian conglomerate ï  µ ï  µ ï  µ ï  µ ï  µ ï  µ Headquartered in Kolkata Currently headed by Yogesh Chander Deveshwar. Employs over 26,000 people at more than 60 locations across India and is listed on FORBES 2000. Annual turnover - over US$ 7 billion (44000 cr) Market capitalisation - US$ 45 billion (283,000 cr) Business Segments ï  µ Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) ï  µ Hotels ï  µ Paperboards ï  µ Paper Packaging ï  µ Agri Business History ï  µ Incorporated on August 24, 1910 under the name Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited ï  µ Company was changed from Imperial Tobacco Company of India Limited to India Tobacco Company Limited in 1970 and then to I.T.C.†¦show more content†¦Ã¯  µ Dogs, more charitably called pets, are units with low market share in a mature, slow-growing industry. These units typically break even, generating barely enough cash to maintain the businesss market share. They depress a profitable companys return on assets. Dogs, it is thought, should be sold off. ï  µ Question marks (also known as problem children) are business operating in a high market growth, but having a low market share. They are a starting point for most businesses. Question marks have a potential to gain market share and become stars, and eventually cash cows when market growth slows. Question marks must be analyzed carefully in order to determine whether they are worth the investment required to grow market share. ï  µ Stars are units with a high market share in a fast-growing industry. They are successful question marks and become a market leader in a high growth sector. The hope is that stars become next cash cows. Stars require high funding to fight competitions and maintain a growth rate. When growth slows, if they have been able to maintain their category leadership stars become cash cows, else they become dogs due to low relative market share. BCG Matrix - ITC Stars †¢ Hotels †¢ Paperboards / Packaging †¢Agri business Cows †¢ FMCG - Cigarettes †¢ Matches / Incense Sticks ? †¢ FMCG Dogs Ansoff‟s Matrix Existing New Existing Market penetration New product development NewShow MoreRelatedStrategic Management5568 Words   |  23 Pagesin an organizational strategy: a. Six 5. The three important steps in SWOT analysis are: b. Opportunities, Threats, Strengths 6. GE matrix consists of how many cells? a. Nine cells 7. Which of these is the type of Games: d. All of the above 8. SBU stands for c. Strategic Business Unit 9. The BCG matrix is known as: a. Growth share matrix 10. ______________ specifies sales revenues and selling distribution and marketing costs. b. 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Commedia All’ Italiana Free Essays

Commanded Alternating Films that are made In Italy are well-known worldwide, especially the Italian-style comedy, which has won a lot academic awards and earned enormous applause and praises. However, there are something behind the laughter tries to tell the audience within the Italian-style comedy. Comedic Alliteration thrives for its uses of innovative and bold subjects and contents, and a profound and twisted ending; besides, humor in Italy are manipulated as a tool to expose social issues of different fields while reflecting poverty and misery. We will write a custom essay sample on Commedia All’ Italiana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Comedic Lithuanian starts from a street performance, and it works its way toward the stage of world. The origin of Italian-style comedy can be traced back to the birth of Comedic delegate in 1 1 century, which becomes influential to the development of comedy In 15 century (Turner). Soon, Comedic delegate spreads to Europe for Its uses of music, dance, humorous dialogue In stage performance and even slapstick and lay foundation for the Comedic Alternating. After World War II, the enactment of the Marshall Plan directly affects the prosperity of Italian-style modem. According to Turner in her article, â€Å"Comedic Lithuanian: Comedy, Italian- Style†, the growth of the economy significantly improves people’s living conditions and stimulate the development of art, and she exposes that the most prosperous and memorable period of Italian film industry is around the late 1 sass and sass (Turner). The booming and success of Italian film industry introduce the unique perspectives of art of Italy as a name card to the world, and they start to attract the attention and popularity from the worldwide audience. The success of the Comedic Latitudinal Is that films are boldly using the sensitive subjects and contents from the society Instead of acting Like a clown only. There are lots of things a film Is trying to tell the audience through every scene and laughter. Comedic Allotments Is famous for its ending, which is always twisted into a kind of imperfect ending. From a famous comedy film called Eel not did Siberia (The Nights of Siberia) tells a dramatic story of a young prostitute named Siberia who pursues her true love through several stories, but unfortunately, all the endings of those stories are tragic. A woman, who lives in the bottom of society and has a not respected Job, devotes everything she has into a way of seeking true love as traditionally as a common woman does in reality should deserve what she wants in return. But, the ending is not like what it is wished to be so; instead, the ending Is sad, but it also happens in reality. Comedic Lithuanian is trying to remind people that there will not always have a happy ending even though one has tried his or her best; and there will be something negative potentially happens In reality. A director named Francesca Commencing says, â€Å"There Is no happy ending, only lots of loose ends. Italy has lost, but doesn’t know It†¦ That’s why a film like this is necessary, so people can become aware† (Evolved). Things always change people in Italy there is no such thing which is destined; to be aware, it is not yet a dream world. Besides telling the truth of reality, the Comedic Lithuanian is used to mock the social issues. â€Å"The Italian-style comedy was able to talk about social problems and still be popular,† said Peter Bandoleer, â€Å"It was a way of having a illegal about what was going on in Italy, of addressing questions that were not being discussed in the government† (Grimes). An Italian-style comedy called â€Å"Divorcee: Italian-style† tells that a Sicilian gentleman wants to murder his wife because he wants to marry his younger and prettier cousin. The reason that he has such an evil purpose is that divorce was against the Italian laws at the time because of the strict religion’s requirements in Italy. Therefore, this gentleman chooses to have an honor killing because â€Å"honor was so important in society, the legal enmeshment for this special kind of murder was oh-so lenient† (Turner). It is so ironic that a person takes such a method to get divorced. This film successfully attracts the public attention, not only for it is an Italian-style comedy but also for it makes the government and the public to reconsider the restorability of the legislation of outlaw divorce. The issues which always make no sense and bother and perplex people are subject to be talked about in Comedic Lithuanian and it is easy to be accepted by government. Comedic Lithuanian is considered a special communication between society and government, which people are reflecting what is happening in their lives to government. Because of the Comedic Lithuanian, a scene of Joking something tragic becomes a part of the Italian culture. Mr.. McNeill, known as the king of Italian comedy, defined Italian humor as something â€Å"lack of a happy ending, seemingly antithetical to comedy,† and he comments that themes make Italians laugh â€Å"stem from poverty, hunger, misery, old age, sickness, and death† (Grimes). It may be considered strange if a person laughs at something sad in some other countries, but the whole Italy is mocking itself with distress. â€Å"The goal is to consider the reality around you, from the point of view of the humorist. I think you need to look deeper to make people laugh at things that aren’t ridiculous or funny,† said Mr.. McNeill (Torah). Italians look at misery of life from a different view but a humorous view, and thus, it is considered as a complaint to the society and life. Comedic Lithuanian is to only something makes ones laugh but also something makes ones think, such as a famous film named â€Å"Life is beautiful†, directed by Roberto Benign, which describes how a Jewish man create a wonderful family and protect his son in a Nazi concentration camp with uses of his humor. Mr.. McNeill admits that â€Å"you can make people laugh at the most horrible of things. It’s hard, but it’s more profound† (Torah). Life is always full of things that are too sensitive to be mentioned, but through humor, they can be talked about directly in public, and even worldwide. Italians know here is something seriously horrible happening in reality, and they are able to criticize those issues by Comedic Lithuanian and Italian-style humor; this unique comprehension of misery of life gradually becomes a part of Italian culture. How to cite Commedia All’ Italiana, Papers

IT for Business Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the IT for Business of Travel and Tourism. Answer: Introduction Business Technology has revolutionized ways in which company is conduct their businesses. Small Businesses are supposed to implement The Business Technology as well as level the playing field with large number of organisations. Often businesses use service computers personal digital products and websites for developing competitive advantages in economic market place. Therefore, Information Technology has an ideal impact over each and every business by any means or medium. The study thereby explores impact of IT on a business which belongs to tourism sector in this study. The organisation chosen for accomplishing the study is TripAdvisor and the effects of using information technology on this particular company are being presented in the review. Impact of IT on business of TripAdvisor In order to incorporate IT in the tourism business of TripAdvisor, the management needs to estimate the cost of the implementation phase through allocating adequate budget for this policy. On the other hand, inadequacy of budget can cause hindrances in the implementation stage of IT in business. Proper planning and designing of IT infrastructure is needed to enhance the quality of the website of TripAdvisor. A lucrative design of the website can help in attracting the customers to go through the features and credentials of the website (Beaudry et al. 2010). On the other hand, allocation and purchase of essential IT equipments is important to apply IT for making sustainable improvement in the business spectrum. The phase of IT installation can be regarded as the most crucial phase of implementing IT to a business as a minute mistake in this part can lead the entire effort to futility that only not will waste the resources of the company but also will damage the brand identity (Chaffey et al. 2010). The services need to be installed systematically in adherence with the norms of intranet and internet system. The aspect of training is important for TripAdvisor as the company needs to train the employees with flawless training sessions to enable them to operate the IT framework of the organization for preventing collapse and achieving success (Tripadvisor.mediaroom.com, 2017). TripAdvisor use both intranet and internet system in business as the use of IT in internal and external purposes has helped the organization to incur utmost proficiency and time effectiveness in business performance (Thong et al. 2011). The internal structure of work in this organization is developed through IT as the employees use intranet facility to communicate and assist the customers to prepare a plan of a tour. On the other hand, the external stakeholders like customers are also associated with the internet system procured by TripAdvisor. The company uses the IT system to ventilate the available services to the customers along with a provision for the customers to submit their service purchase request through the internet system (Martins, 2011). The IT system is also used by TripAdvisor to acknowledge the feedback of the customers about the service quality of the organization for fostering further improvements in service through IT system. This organization uses IT to conduct t he business for incurring speed and coherent pragmatism in the organizational purpose for maintaining internal adherence with external business development. The incorporation of IT in the business of TripAdvisor has procured the path for advantages in the business of tourism management. The use of IT can enhance the generation of revenue through controlling the invested cost in business programming. The use of IT enables the organization to complete the task with fewer employees through the IT systems whereas the savings from employee salary can help the company to gain extra benefit (Lu, 2011). The workforce framework can be made flexible through including IT in the business of tourism industry as the use of web system enables the company to bring diversified features and easy accessibility to the customers. The use of IT helps TripAdvisor to reduce the cost of manual business to avail the relaxation of reduced cost of production of services. The use of IT system helps in enhancing the communication between internal and external stakeholders to foster sheer effectiveness in business purpose (Robert et al. 2011). The sharing of informati on becomes easy through IT system as technological advancement helps to share the information about different tourism packages and company policies can be revealed with the use of internet. The use of IT aids TripAdvisor to enable automated tasks through saving valuable time with enhanced margin of service production. The main risk in using IT in business is the drastic degeneration of interpersonal communication that spoils the coherent working environment of TripAdvisor. The use of IT often increases the cost of business maintenance that can create problems to organize the tourism business with success (Holtshouse, 2013). The incorporation of IT brings the risk of security issues in an organization as TripAdvisor needs to formulate encrypted security measurements to secure the website from being hacked through unauthorized access for manipulation of valuable information. The data protection is a vibrant issue that comes along with the inclusion of IT in business spectrum. The risk of privacy is pivotal for IT oriented business as the company engages in a compulsion to take special measurements against virus and malware attack to maintain the privacy of the organizational information. The organization needs to take intense determination about the issues of sharing the organizational information t o the third parties though the access of the website (Davenport, 2013). The unauthorized ventilation of tourism data needs to be prevented by TripAdvisor to maintain the legislative statutes about keeping coherence with the data confidentiality process. The phishing trick is another potential risk associated with IT use for an organization as the intruding of phishing contents can damage the integrity and solidarity of the website of TripAdvisor. TripAdvisor can procure an inventory of the system protocols to manage the IT process with intense ease. The development of control change process can also help the organization to manage the IT oriented system with utter proficiency (Ramirez et al. 2010). On the other hand, TripAdvisor needs to be aware of the standards in order to maintain full compliance with the norms and statutes of the standards. The dependencies need to be accounted precisely for proper maintenance of the IT system in the tourism industry. TripAdvisor can use log path to monitor the IT systems to find out the discrepancies for further improvement. The organization can also use software to monitor the system for tracking the performance of the website through proper distribution of the resources. The SNMP access can be used to collect relevant data about the IT system to monitor the functioning of the website (Lee et al. 2010). On the other hand, the use of Management Information Base can also be essential for TripAdvisor in order to procure effective management of IT system. The use of anti malware software can help in managing the IT system of the company whereas prolific monitoring of the utilization and capacity of network can also help TripAdvisor to manage and improve the business with the help of flawless IT systems. Tourism sector broadly confronts the use of information technology in the strategic policies of marketing. Under marketing specialist through social media are advertisements Information Technology has been observed to crack biggest deals with the tourism industry (Willcocks, 2013). it is even identified that tourism industry efficiently maintenance as well as monitors the information technology. On their names of promoting the offers and discounts under the company TripAdvisor, they install distinct mediums of information technology in order to convey their promotional activities to customers. In this way by launching several means of information technology they are prone to Grab huge attraction of the customers or tourists especially in off seasons (Wagner, Beimborn Weitzel, 2014). Conclusion From the above mentioned report it can be supported that the importance of IT and is mind-blowing and needs to be well informed so as to maintain the support of the organization and the clear development of the organization in terms of the transport and tourism is achieved. Most importantly it is evidently seen that the development of the organization is based upon the proper implementation of it and the monitoring of those system implemented in the organisation. The need of it and the proper managing of all the resources provided by information technology in the field of transport and tourism are of immense importance and needs to be properly evaluated so as to develop proper field of communication and greater development of the society. Recommendation Smooth operation of an organization is based on proper understanding of the situation. It is essential that the smooth management of the organization are better upgraded with the installation of the software that marks the smooth growth of the organization. It can be supported that the management of the organization in terms of travel and tourism industry needs to be upgraded in proper sense so as to gather proper information about the operation of the organization. The installation of the IT department in the society of travel and tourism industry would help the management of the organization in greater managing of the demands of the tourist asking for the suggestion. References Beaudry, A., Pinsonneault, A. (2010). The other side of acceptance: studying the direct and indirect effects of emotions on information technology use.MIS quarterly, 689-710. Chaffey, D., White, G. (2010).Business information management: improving performance using information systems. London: Pearson Education. Choi, S. Y., Lee, H., Yoo, Y. (2010). The impact of information technology and transactive memory systems on knowledge sharing, application, and team performance: a field study.MIS quarterly, 855-870. Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Oxford: Harvard Business Press. Holtshouse, D. K. (2013).Information technology for knowledge management. U. M. Borghoff, R. Pareschi (Eds.). London: Springer Science Business Media. Lger, P. M., Charland, P., Feldstein, H. D., Robert, J., Babin, G., Lyle, D. (2011). Business simulation training in information technology education: Guidelines for new approaches in IT training.Journal of Information Technology Education,10(1), 39-53. Lu, Y., K.(Ram) Ramamurthy. (2011). Understanding the link between information technology capability and organizational agility: An empirical examination.Mis Quarterly, 931-954. Oliveira, T., Martins, M. F. (2011). Literature review of information technology adoption models at firm level.The Electronic Journal Information Systems Evaluation,14(1), 110-121. Ramirez, R., Melville, N., Lawler, E. (2010). Information technology infrastructure, organizational process redesign, and business value: An empirical analysis.Decision Support Systems,49(4), 417-429. Tripadvisor.mediaroom.com (2017). About us. Retrieved from: https://tripadvisor.mediaroom.com/in-about-us [Accessed on 13th may, 2017] Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y., Xu, X. (2012). Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. London: Springer Science Business Media. Wagner, H. T., Beimborn, D., Weitzel, T. (2014). How social capital among information technology and business units drives operational alignment and IT business value.Journal of Management Information Systems,31(1), 241-272. Willcocks, L. (2013).Information management: the evaluation of information systems investments. London: Springer.

Water Pollution Essay Example

Water Pollution Paper There are many causes for pollution. It may be natural and it can also be caused by human activities. The big causes for marine pollution are oil spills, sewage and toxic wastes such as chemical and radioactive wastes. Oil comes to the water usually by accidental spills from ships, tankers, pipelines, and leaking underground storage tanks. There is no doubt that oil and chemical products are poisonous to the inhabitants of the seas, lakes, oceans, or water storage sites. Most oil pills are reported to be accidental, but a majority of the timer they really arena. 2% f oil spills comes from accidents while the remaining 70% comes from the daily routine of ships to dispose of oils. What makes it destructive is the huge amount of oil being dispersed to the sea. The disaster has killed thousands of animals and birds as well as plants. Approximately over 1 sea otters and birds are killed due to oil spills. Several billion salmon and herring eggs are also believed to have been destroyed. Mi lton Marie explains the oil attract to fish because it look like looting food; this is dangerous for the sea birds which are attracted to schools of fish and may dive through oil slicks to get to the fish. . Similarly, in articles Oil Spills, Cooper Mary states that the first obvious victims are birds and other aquatic wildlife that live along the shoreline. Birds cannot distinguish between clean water and an oil slick. Sewage is another example of how pollution can affect us all. It is the term used for wastewater that often contains feces, urine and laundry waste that comes from bathing gashing and cleaning by residential and commercial buildings. In many poor areas of the world, sewage is dumped into local waterways, in the absence of practical alternatives. Sewage discharged Into coastal waters can cause health hazards to people who usually bathe or surf in the water. People might swallow polluted water caused by improper sewage disposal resulting in several illnesses. It is also poisonous for some marine animals like shellfishes such as cockles and mussels that grow near the shore. People who have eaten poisoned shellfishes contaminated by sewage can suffer an acute and sometimes fatal illness called paralytic shellfish poisoning. Chemical and radioactive wastes are some of the factors that contribute to the destruction Of the aquatic systems. Chemical wastes that comes from cleaning detergents, agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, other heavy metal materials that contains arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and mercury and a highly toxic chemical called tribunal (TAB) contributes to the vast growing pollution of watery bodies. Tribunal was used in paints to protect boats from the ravaging effects of the oceans. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ironically, however, T 8TH was gradually recognized as a pollutant: boats painted with it were doing as much damage to the oceans as the oceans were doing to the boats. These chemical wastes come from the result of human activities and other natural occurrences such as weathering of soils and rocks and from volcanic eruptions. People who eat fishes exposed to these chemicals will be poisoned. Radioactive wastes are nuclear wastes produced from industrial, medical and scientific processes hat use radioactive material. Radiation causes death to marine animals. Oil spills, sewage and toxic wastes such as chemical and radioactive wastes are some of the main factors that contribute to the devastation of the aquatic ecosystem. In conclusion, it is clear to everyone the problems that cause water pollution. It doesnt only affect living things for a short term but has long lasting effects that can take years or centuries to clean up. Everyone needs to be more concerned with our water supply and products that can threaten it. Water Pollution Essay Example Water Pollution Essay Water Pollution Control Ord. (Repealed) 273 The East Pakistan Water Pollution Control Ordinance, 1970 East Pakistan Ord. No. V of 1970 [Published in Dacca Gazette, Extraordinary, dated 23 rd February, 1970] [Repealed by Ord. XIII of 1977] An Ordinance to provide for the control, prevention and abatem ent of pollution of waters of East Pakistan. Whereas it is expedient to provide for the control, prevention and abatement of pollution of waters of East Pakistan; Now, therefore, in pursuance of the Proclamation of the 25th day of March, 1969, read with the Provisional Constitution Order, and in exercise of all powers enabling him in that behalf, the Governor is pleased to make and promulgate the following Ordinance:1. Short title, extent and commencement. (1) This Ordinance may be called the East Pakistan Water Pollution Control Ordinance, 1970. (2) (3) It extends to the whole of East Pakistan. It shall come into force at once. 2. Definitions. In this Ordinance, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject of context,(a) â€Å"Board† means the Water pollution Control Board constituted under section 3 of this Ordinance; (b) â€Å"Chairman† means the Chairman of the Board; (c) â€Å"Chief Engineer† means the Chief Engineer, Public Health Engineering, Government of East Pakistan; (d) â€Å"disposal sys tem† means a system for disposing of wastes, either by surface or underground methods, and includes sewerage systems, treatment works and disposal wells; We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer (e) â€Å"pollution† means such contamination, or other alteration of the physical, chemical or biological properties of any waters, including change in temperature, taste, colour, turbidity, or odour of the waters, or such discharge of any liquid, gaseous, solid, radioactive, or other substance into any waters as will or is likely to create a nuisance or render such waters harmful, detrimental or injurious to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate beneficial uses, or to livestock, wild animals, birds, fish or other aquatic life ; (f) â€Å"sewerage system† means pipe lines or conduits, pumping stations, and force mains, and all other structures, devices, appurtenances cwi†¡ek AvBb msKjb 274 (g) (h) (i) nd facilities used for collecting or conducting wastes to an ultimate point for treatment or disposal; â€Å"treatment works† means any plant or other works, used for the purpo se or treating, stabilising or holding wastes; â€Å"wastes† means sanitary sewage, industrial discharges and all other liquid, gaseous, solid, radioactive, or other substances which may pollute or tend to pollute any waters; â€Å"Water† means all waters including all streams, coastal waters, tanks, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, marshes, watercourses, waterways, wells, springs, irrigation systems, drainage systems, and all other bodies or accumulation of waters, surface or underground, natural or public or private. 3. Constitution of the Board. (1) For carrying out the purposes of this Ordinance, there shall be a Board to be called the East Pakistan Water Pollution Control Board consisting of the following members, namely :(a) the Additional Chief Secretary (Planning and Development) to the Government of East Pakistan, who shall also be the Chairman of the Board ; (b) the Secretary to the Government of East Pakistan in the Basic Democracies and Local Government Department; (c) the Secretary to the Government of East Pakistan in the Agricultural Department ; (d) the Secretary to the Government of East Pakistan in the Commerce and Industries Department ; (e) the Director of Health Services, Government of East Pakistan; (f) the Chief Engineer, Public Health Engineering, Government of East Pakistan; (g) one person to represent the East Pakistan Water and power Development Authority to be nominated by that Authority; and (h) one person to represent the East Pakistan Inland Water Transport Authority to be nominated by that Authority. (2) The Provincial Government shall appoint an officer of the Directorate of Public Health Engineering, Government of East Pakistan, to be the Secretary of the Board. 4. Meetings of the Board. (1) The meetings of the Board shall be held on such date and at such time and place as the Chairman may direct : Provided that when there is any appeal to the Board under sub-section (2) of section 7, the Board shall meet within fifteen days from the date of such appeal. Water Pollution Control Ord. (Repealed) 275 (2) All meetings of the Board shall be presided over by the Chairman and, in his absence, by a member nominated by him. (3) Three members of the Board shall form a quorum. (4) All matters at a meeting of the Board shall be decided by majority of the votes of the members present. (5) Each member of the Board shall have one vote and in the event of equality of votes the Chairman shall have a casting vote. (6) Proceedings of the meetings of the Board shall be recorded, circulated to its members within a fortnight and submitted for confirmation at next meeting. 5. Functions of the Board. (1) the Board shall (a) formulate policies for the control, prevention and abatement of pollution of waters of East Pakistan; and (b) suggest measures for the implementation of its policies; (2) For the purpose of sub-section (1), the Board may(a) require any person to furnish or cause to be furnished such information as it may specify; (b) call for a report fr om the Chief Engineer on the existing and potential water pollution problems in the whole of East Pakistan or in any part thereof; and (c) appoint such expert committee as it may consider necessary. 6. Implementation of the policies. (1) The Chief Engineer shall be responsible for implementation of the policies formulated by the Board and for adopting or causing to be adopted measures suggested by it. (2) For the purpose of sub-section (1), the Chief Engineer may, by order in writing,(a) require any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to adopt such measures, including construction, modification, extension or alteration of any disposal system, as may be specified therein for the prevention, control nd abatement of existing or potential pollution of any waters; (b) require any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to furnish such information as may be specified therein relating to wastes, sewerage system or treatment works in any land or building owned or occupied by such person or undertaking; and (c) require any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to permit any officer named therein to enter upon, inspect and search any land or building owned or occupied by such person or cwi†¡ek AvBb msKjb 276 undertaking and to inspect and test any wastes, waters, plants, materials or disposal system found therein and to afford all reasonable opportunities to such officer for such inspection, search and test. (3) The Chief Engineer may, by order in writing, delegate all or any of his powers under sub-section (2) to the Project Director, Water Pollution Control Project, who shall exercise the powers so delegated subject to the general control and supervision of the Chief Engineer. 7. Obligation to comply with the order of the Chief Engineer. (1) Where the Chief Engineer makes any order in writing under sub-section (2) of section 6 requiring any person or commercial or industrial undertaking to adopt any measures for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution of any waters or to furnish any information or to permit any officer to enter upon, inspect or search any land or building and to inspect and test any wastes, waters, plant materials or disposal system such person or commercial or industrial undertaking shall, subject to the provision of sub-section (2) comply with such order. (2) any person or commercial or industrial undertaking aggrieved by an order in writing made by the Chief Engineer under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 6 may, within one month from the date of the order, prefer an appeal against such order to the Board and the decision of the Board shall be final. 8. Penalty and procedure. (1) Whoever fails or neglects to comply with any order of the Chief Engineer or, where an appeal is preferred under sub-section (2) of section 7, with the final decision thereon of the Board shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees or with both, and may, in addition, be punishable with a further fine which may extend to twenty rupees for every day of the period during which the failure or negligence continues. (2) No court shall take cognizance of an offence under this Ordinance except on a report in writing of the facts constituting the offence made by the Chief Engineer or an officer authorised by him in this behalf. 9. Offence by commercial or industrial undertakings. Where the person guilty of an offences under this Ordinance is a commercial or industrial undertaking, every owner, director, manager, secretary or other officer or agent thereof shall, unless he proves that he made all efforts and exercised all diligence to prevent the commission of the offence, be deemed to be guilty of such offence. 10. Indemnity. No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall lie against the Board, the Chief Engineer or any o ther person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Ordinance. 11. Power to make rules. The Provincial Government may make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Ordinance. Water Pollution Essay Example Water Pollution Paper Domestic effluents are generated from activities such as bathing, laundry, cleaning, cooking, washing, and other kitchen activities. This contains a large amount of organic waste with suspended solids and silicosis. Calculations made based on available data show that half the organic waste is from the domestic sector (POEM, 2003). As stated in the EMBED report, domestic wastewater discharges contribute highest to the BODY load as the lack of sewage treatment system allows more than 90 percent of inadequately treated domestic sewage to be discharged into surface waters, which contain cetera and viruses that threaten human life. Geographically, data show that one-third (30 percent) of BODY generation comes from Metro Manila and Region IV alone, at 18 and 15 percent, respectively (POEM, 2003). Industrial wastewater Reports show that the volume and characteristics of industrial effluents vary by type of industry and are influenced by different factors such as production processes and the scale of production used. Industries that are found to be water-intensive, I. E. Food and dairy manufacturing, pulp, paper and paperboard products, and textile products, correspondingly discharge large mounts of wastewater (POEM, 2003). Most of the water pollution-intensive industries are in National Capital Region, Collaboration, and Region Ill. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Food manufacturing industries, piggeries, and slaughterhouses are the main sources of organic pollution (POEM, 2004). A report from a study conducted by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNDID) in 1 999 emphasizes that the situation is even more critical with regard to hazardous wastes. In the said report, approximately 2,000 cubic meters of solvent wastes, 22,000 tons of heavy metals, infectious wastes, biological sludge, fabricate, and intractable wastes, as well as 25 million cubic meters of acid/ alkaline liquid wastes are improperly disposed of annually in the Metro Manila area alone. A study by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (CIA) conducted in 2001 (as cited in National Economic Development Authority document on the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010) states that around 700 industrial establishments in the Philippines generate about 273,000 tons of hazardous wastes per annum. It was further estimated that with 5,000 potential hazardous waste generators, about 2. 41 million tons of hazardous wastes will e generated. At present, the report added, there is no integrated treatment facility for hazardous wastes in the country although there are about 95 small to mediumistic treatment facilities that treat hazardous wastes (I. E. , used oil, sludge). There is approximately 50,000 tons of hazardous wastes stored on or offset due to lack Of proper treatment, recovery and recycling facilities. Sometimes they end up being recycled in backyard operations further putting at risk workers and communities hosting these informal recycling facilities. Other hazardous wastes are exported to other countries for recovery and disposal (I. . Teal bearing sludge, used solvents and electronic wastes) and treatment (e. G. PC). Health and environmental problems Much of the surface water in urban areas is a public health risk while rural surface waters are also sources of disease. The World Bank estimates that exposure to water pollution and poor sanitation account for one-sixth of reported disease cases, and nearly 6,00 0 premature deaths per year. The cost of treatment and lost income from illness and death due to water pollution is pegged at PH. 7 billion (IIS$134 million) per year (POEM 2006). Pollution of our water resources such as untreated wastewater discharges effect human health through the spread of disease-causing bacteria and viruses. Some known examples of diseases that may be spread through wastewater discharge are Castro-enteritis, diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis, and, recently, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (CARS) (POEM 2003). The state fatter in the Philippines (Beaconing, Beau, 2007, October). Retrieved January 9, 2013, from http://WV. Greenback. Org/seas/ pH/Global l/seas/report art/2007/1 Alto e-state-of-water-in -the-p . UDF Hazardous and toxic waste management Republic Act 6969, implemented by DADO 29 series of 1 992, regulates the angle of activities associated with hazardous and toxic materials (use, transportation, storage, export, distribution, manufacture, and processing). Users or handlers of chemicals must first check with EDEN whether the substances are included in the Philippine Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (EPICS). A Chemical Control Order (CO) prohibiting, limiting, or subjecting use to certain controls or conditions may be issued for chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk to public health or the environment. Environmental Impact Management System An on-going innovation under the IIS system is the introduction Of aristocratic compliance. Under this program, industries sited in declared industrial development areas may be issued a single Environmental Compliance Certificate (SEC). This approach has the advantage of reducing the cost of document preparation and review. Furthermore, it justifies the future application of carrying capacity assessments to determine the number and types of industries that should be allowed to locate in a given area. Philippines: Country Profile. In Green Productivity Practices: In Select Industry Sectors. (Abandon, Earner. 2001) Retrieved January 9, 201 3, from http:// www. Pop-Tokyo. Org/gap/e_public/gap/plenipotentiaries. PDF Water pollution creeping in ? senator MANILA Philippines The Philippines faces a creeping water pollution problem because Of rapid arbitration and industrialization, a senator warned over the weekend. Senator Pillar Juliann Pip S. Cetacean, chairperson of the Senate Health and Demography Committee, said she is worried that government has weakly-implemented programs to improve the quality of fresh water supply. Cetacean pointed out that inadequate resources, institutional fragmentation and poor statistics as the major stumbling blocks n achieving the goal of securing a sufficient future supply of clean fresh water. She said addressing this concern is in line with the Millennium Development Goal 7 for environment sustainability which is to reduce by one half, by 201 5, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation. Seen. Juan Miguel Cubic, Senate Committee on Environment and Natural Resources chairman, said the issue emphasizes the importance of reforesting the countrys denuded mountains. Forests, Cubic said, act as watersheds, storing and releasing fresh water through natural processes. In past Senate Committee hearings, testimonies on the countrys forest reserve being denuded at a fast clip the past few decades had been presented. Citing the Philippine Environment Monitor report of the World Bank in 2003, domestic wastewater represents 48 percent of the total pollution in the entire country; the rest is due to industrial and agricultural sources. In Metro Manila alone, the share Of domestic sewage is 58 percent of the total. Because of insufficient sewage treatment and disposal, more than 90 percent of the sewage generated in the Philippines is not disposed or treated in an environmentally acceptable manner, Cetacean aid. The same report estimates that water pollution costs the Philippine economy an estimated APP billion ($. 3 billion) annually of which PA billion is attributed to health, APP billion to fisheries production and APP billion to tourism. Cetacean pointed out that Department of Health (DOD) statistics show that approximately 1 8 people die each day from water-borne diseases, which accounted for 31 percent of all reported illnesses from 1996-2000. She said the Congressional Oversight Committee was created following the enactment of the Clean Water Act in 2004 and found out weaknesses in the enforcement of environmentally-related laws. There are too many hands dipping in the broth, so to speak. Around 30 government agencies are involved in the management of our water resources. The gaps, overlaps and conflicts of responsibilities are apparent during the conduct of our (committee) hearings, making the institutional framework highly fragmented, weak and complicated, she said. Water pollution creeping in senator (Assyrian, Mario. 2011 , April) Retrieved January 9, 2013 from http:// www. MBA. Com. pH/articles/312556/water-pollution-creeping-senator#. UH KIP- Twats Water pollution a threat Gobo not enforcing environment laws SSW survey MANILA, Philippines . Five Of every 10 Filipinos believe water pollution is a serious threat to their health and environment, but the government is unable to enforce environmental laws. Results of a survey of the Social Weather Stations released Friday also showed that at least three of every six residents of Metro Manila did not agree that pollution was an acceptable trade-off for economic progress. The SSW survey, a first on water pollution and enforcement of environmental laws, was commissioned by the environmental group Greenback as part of its Project: Clean Water program launched in September. The initiative aims to immobile action in retention the countrys vast fresh water sources. A recent World Bank study warned of a possible water scarcity problem in the country by 2025. The survey from Novo. 30 to Deck. 3 covered 1,200 randomly chosen adult respondents divided into samples of 300 each in Metro Manila, Luzon, Visas and Mindanao. We wanted to see how Filipinos perceive the problem because it is very hard to push for the implementation of environmental laws if the public accepts water pollution as an unavoidable consequence of economic development, said Beau Beaconing, Greenback Southeast Asia campaigner in a press conference Friday. Half of the respondents said water pollution in the country was a very serious problem and posed great danger to their health and environment; 22 percent found it somewhat serious; nine percent, a little serious; and 19 percent, hardly serious. While growing concern for water pollution was noted among residents in urban areas, with 58 percent finding it unacceptable that economic progress should mean environmental destruction, some 48 percent said they were not aware of any laws enacted to help prevent pollution. Among the environmental policies cited in the survey were the Clean Water Act and the Solid Waste Management Act. Water Pollution Essay Example Water Pollution Paper Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and beaches. This occurs when large factories dump their waste prod cuts into the water. Water has the ability to carry many pathogens and bacteria. Because SE of this, water is responsible for many deaths and illnesses. This fact was discovered a long time ago when many people fell sick, and after tests, it was realized this was b cause of the drinking water. People, even back in the ancient times, would suddenly be come ill and not know why. All the water they drank was contaminated with innumerate s germs. Water pollution has not gotten any better. In reality, it has become much word SE, and has progressed into an extremely serious situation. Some say that water pollution is not a problem, and that it doesnt threaten or even affect human life on earth. It is said that the earth will just absorb all oft he pollution, and we will no longer have to worry about it. Pollution does not just disappear. However, the toxins in the water are absorbed, but they dont go away. An off etc of this is acid rain, which will be explained later. The more contamination the earth s sucks up, ill only increase global warming because the viruses will only live in the earth has crust and filter through the air. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Water pollution is a problem, and its been a problem m for a long time. Back in the ancient times, water purification was strongly advised, and many cultures all around the world took part in it. Suggestions for methods to treat water first came up in 2000 BC. In 500 BC, Egyptians used the principle of coagulation. Coagulation removes dirt and other fragments in the water. Alum and other c Heimlich are added to water to attract the dirt particles. The dirt then becomes heehaw e cough to sink to the bottom and is easily cleaned out. The next major step in water purr fiction started in 300 BC when Rome built the first aqueducts. The Romans created a aqueducts to bring a water from far away into large cities and towns. In order to keep the e towns clean, waste water was released into nearby bodies of water. Although the futz ere for water treatment was looking hopeful, beginning in 500 AD, or the Dark Ages, t here became a lack of scientific breakthroughs and experiments. Roman empires d stored most of the aqueducts and Europe saw a dramatic change in their water soup y and sewage systems. The poor sanitation caused epidemics throughout medieval towns in Europe. People quickly found out that water transmitted several diseases. The e most common diseases discovered were cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever and diary rhea. Due to the lack of water sanitation, these pathogens spread rapidly to different coo entries and cities. In the late 20th century, the biological hazards transmitted by water me urged in the post modern Western world. Today, roughly 1 0,000 people die every day c caused by lack of safe water and adequate sanitation. Approximately 16 million people come down with Typhoid fever each year, an d about 600,000 of them die. Typhoid fever is an infection that causes diarrhea and a rash, most commonly due to a type of bacteria called Salmonella typhoid, which is carried in water. Cholera is another sickness people have been catching from dirty WA term. This is an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diary rhea. It is estimated that between 42,000 and 142,000 people die of cholera each year. Other diseases like dysentery, polio, and hepatitis can also be transmitted and Carrie d in eater. Dysentery, which is an infection of the intestines, infects 140 million pee pole a year. About a 23rd of those with the sickness die. Polio is not the the most co moon disease people get through unsafe drinking water, however many people still can get it. Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis, and 20,000 people have been paralyzed and about 1,000 people die d in the United States from this bacteria each year. One out of every three people have e been infected with hepatitis B, thats roughly two billion people. Hepatitis is swelling ND inflammation of the liver. The term is often used to refer to a viral infection of the liver, and 400 million people have become chronically ill and can no longer be cure d. These diseases, and other waterborne pathogens, contribute to 60% of early childhood do death. However, these illnesses dont only affect humans, but animals too. Many ache mica pollutants enter water sources from runoff agricultural fields, and metals can wash into Water during mining operations. Once the toxins are in bodies Of water, anima alls willingly consume them, because they dont understand the danger of it. Spoon doing t his, they become boomeranging up the food chain. The toxin becomes extremely cone nitrated in the tissues of organisms and is then carried in offspring and other organisms at the top of the food chain. This worldwide problem has been responsible for the millions of deaths of people, plants and animals. Not only does water pollution cause animals and humans to become excessively ill, it has the ability to destroy many animal habitats, and cause irreplaceable damage to ecosystems. Due to lack of control, large industries d ump different types of wastes into streams and rivers. Pollutants cause aquatic life difficulties breathing. Once the toxins are in the water, the animals that drink from the RI ever, lake etc. , are in danger of serious sickness. Water pollution can easily contribute to the extinction of certain species. Because of these careless acts of disposal, many animals suffer. However, its notes ourselves and the animals that we should be word wing about. Water pollution is the main contributor to acid rain and other environ mental problems such as increased algal blooms. Algal blooms are a powdery surface covering certain fresh fruits, leaves or even the stems. A rapid growth of this in water c asses a colored scum on the surface, which can be very deadly for the aquatic life undid earnest. There are many ways that cause acid rain also, which is an extremely serious and fatal result of water pollution. Many people contribute to it without even knowing. Acid rain hinders plant growth and damages soil on a major scale. The burning g of fossil fuels releases compounds that interact with the water in the air, creating modified version of the raindrop. Once the moisture from the water is absorb De into the air and clouds, all of the toxins from the water go with it. Although this is cons tiered a result of water pollution, things like heat and the oil industries factor into the pollution. Agricultural runoff, mining waste, paved roads and all of the industrial activity have a hand in contaminating the water. Waste from large corporations can make its way to the water through rainwater drainage, melting snow and running rivers. Paved or ads give the toxins help in finding the way to a water source. The oil industry is though OTF as the root to all polluting problems. Drilling, moving, laying pipeline, and shipping 0 pens the possibility of water pollution. The main contribution the oil industry has on pop Elution are the accidental oil spills, especially like the ones that happened near the Gulf C coast. So many things can lead to water pollution, and if it doesnt stop now, the earth a ND we who live on it, will begin to suffer. Over time, if the pollution of the water keeps getting worse, we will see a significant decrease of clean water. Without that, there wont be access to safe e drinking water, which will have uncertain and/ or fatal results. Another problem that could affect the humans, and the animals Of the world, is poison. People and animals such s bears rely of fish for food. If the water is contaminated then the toxins from the watt re will be inside of the fish. When the animals and humans eat the fish for food, thefts e ND up consuming the poison in the fish and become very ill. Not only will the life on earth become poisoned and sick, the marine life, obviously, will suffer the most and we will see an extinction in most species in the water. This can affect the food chain a ND change everything. Around 70% of industrial waste is dumped into the water bodies where they pollute the usable water supply. That means that most of the earths water the t we use for drinking, and that we swim in or shower with, has been contaminated with countless toxins. Fourteen billion pounds of garbage, mostly plastic, is dumped into the ocean every year, and a large majority Of it never gets cleaned Out. Each year the gar bag piles up and just keeps adding to the problem. In America, 40% of the rivers a ND 46% of the lakes are polluted and are considered unhealthy for swimming fishing or aquatic life. Such pollution is because of the industries and their excessive dumping, a ND the fact that two million tons of human waste is disposed in water everyday, from he poor sewer systems. As per U. S EPA estimates, every year in the U. S, 1. 2 trillion gall ones of sewage from household, industries and restaurants, is dumped into United SST attest water. 80% of the water pollution is caused due to domestic sewage like thro Wing garbage on open ground and water bodies. Plastic waste being a major water pollute NT, is causing huge destruction of marine life and is believed to be responsible of r deaths of more than 100,000 sea mammals, sea birds and various types of fishes. The w asset that ends up in the water contains bacteria, parasites and viruses. Water Pollution Essay Example Water Pollution Paper There are many causes for pollution. It may be natural and it can also be caused by human activities. The big causes for marine pollution are oil spills, sewage and toxic wastes such as chemical and radioactive wastes. Oil comes to the water usually by accidental spills from ships, tankers, pipelines, and leaking underground storage tanks. There is no doubt that oil and chemical products are poisonous to the inhabitants of the seas, lakes, oceans, or water storage sites. Most oil pills are reported to be accidental, but a majority of the timer they really arena. 2% f oil spills comes from accidents while the remaining 70% comes from the daily routine of ships to dispose of oils. What makes it destructive is the huge amount of oil being dispersed to the sea. The disaster has killed thousands of animals and birds as well as plants. Approximately over 1 sea otters and birds are killed due to oil spills. Several billion salmon and herring eggs are also believed to have been destroyed. Mi lton Marie explains the oil attract to fish because it look like looting food; this is dangerous for the sea birds which are attracted to schools of fish and may dive through oil slicks to get to the fish. . Similarly, in articles Oil Spills, Cooper Mary states that the first obvious victims are birds and other aquatic wildlife that live along the shoreline. Birds cannot distinguish between clean water and an oil slick. Sewage is another example of how pollution can affect us all. It is the term used for wastewater that often contains feces, urine and laundry waste that comes from bathing gashing and cleaning by residential and commercial buildings. In many poor areas of the world, sewage is dumped into local waterways, in the absence of practical alternatives. Sewage discharged Into coastal waters can cause health hazards to people who usually bathe or surf in the water. People might swallow polluted water caused by improper sewage disposal resulting in several illnesses. It is also poisonous for some marine animals like shellfishes such as cockles and mussels that grow near the shore. People who have eaten poisoned shellfishes contaminated by sewage can suffer an acute and sometimes fatal illness called paralytic shellfish poisoning. Chemical and radioactive wastes are some of the factors that contribute to the destruction Of the aquatic systems. Chemical wastes that comes from cleaning detergents, agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, other heavy metal materials that contains arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and mercury and a highly toxic chemical called tribunal (TAB) contributes to the vast growing pollution of watery bodies. Tribunal was used in paints to protect boats from the ravaging effects of the oceans. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ironically, however, T 8TH was gradually recognized as a pollutant: boats painted with it were doing as much damage to the oceans as the oceans were doing to the boats. These chemical wastes come from the result of human activities and other natural occurrences such as weathering of soils and rocks and from volcanic eruptions. People who eat fishes exposed to these chemicals will be poisoned. Radioactive wastes are nuclear wastes produced from industrial, medical and scientific processes hat use radioactive material. Radiation causes death to marine animals. Oil spills, sewage and toxic wastes such as chemical and radioactive wastes are some of the main factors that contribute to the devastation of the aquatic ecosystem. In conclusion, it is clear to everyone the problems that cause water pollution. It doesnt only affect living things for a short term but has long lasting effects that can take years or centuries to clean up. Everyone needs to be more concerned with our water supply and products that can threaten it.

Persuasive Essay Topics - Do They Follow the Typical Format?

Persuasive Essay Topics - Do They Follow the Typical Format?Most students begin writing persuasive essays without thinking through the best persuasive essay topics. Many writers assume that these topics are all similar or the same, but many of these topics will be very different. These topics will also not work in a group or with any other group, so do not include them. Instead, focus on more unusual topics and you will find a lot of variety in a less predictable format.One reason why students often assume that all persuasive essay topics are similar is because they are, but if you look at it carefully, there are some that will be very different. For example, there are many topics in which it would not be appropriate to compare with another topic. Some examples of this are comparing a guy that is similar to a certain sports star or someone that is the boss of another person. The topic does not matter so much, but comparing them will create a lot of problems. Instead, focus on the top ic and the style of writing it will require.Most students tend to write persuasive essay topics that relate back to the topic they wrote in their paper. The problem with this is that it can get boring. There is no point in creating another story line when you already have the topic covered in your own writing. In this case, you need to rely on all the information you learned in your class or elsewhere to write the essay. If you simply use what you learned, you will find that you will never know where you will start in the next paragraph. Instead, concentrate on the piece as a whole and you will get used to using the ideas you have gained.Another reason why most students assume that all persuasive essay topics are similar is because many people tend to use one specific structure, but this could be very off putting to the reader. The most common way to structure a persuasive essay is in the first paragraph. That is not so unusual. However, if you do this, you should go over the entire essay, including the introduction, conclusion, and the body to make sure that everything is correctly organized.The second reason for students to think that all persuasive essay topics are similar is because they tend to do group work and group topics. Group work is very common in writing courses and is an effective method of encouraging others to work together on a project. The problem with this is that it is very unlikely that you will get complete cooperation from everyone, so you will not get all the ideas out of the group.The third reason for students to think that all persuasive essay topics are similar is because of all the essay topic surveys and exams that students will need to take to be good writers. These may include topics like critical reading, researching, and analyzing. Each of these is different and unique. Therefore, it is very unlikely that the exact topic will be used by everyone. Instead, students will use any topic that is different from the topic they have al ready covered in class.The fact that all these reasons are based on student assumptions that they will use similar topics and use the same style of writing applies only to the most popular and important persuasive essay topics. There are some topics that do not follow the usual format that students use. Those topics are the topics that are often ignored.

Vocab Practice 1

Vocab Practice 1 Trying to prepare yourself for your next reading test? Whether youre prepping for the Verbal section of the GRE, the Critical Reading section of the SAT, the Reading section of the ACT or just your typical reading test in school, chances are good youll have to understand a vocabulary word or two in context. Sure, youll also find standard questions about finding the main idea, distinguishing the authors purpose and making inferences, but those can be tricky whereas vocabulary words in context are typically the easier ones to manage if you complete some vocab practice. So, lets get on with it, shall we! Read the passage below and answer the corresponding questions. Teachers, feel free to print and use the PDFs below for easy sub plans or vocab practice as you see fit. Vocab Practice 1 WorksheetVocab Practice 1 Answer Key Vocab Practice 1 Adapted from, The Boarded Window by Ambrose Bierce. In 1830, only a few miles away from what is now the great city of Cincinnati, lay an immense and almost unbroken forest. The whole region was sparsely settled by people of the frontierrestless souls who no sooner had hewn barely habitable homes out of the wilderness and attained to that degree of prosperity which today we would call indigence, than, impelled by some mysterious impulse of their nature, they abandoned all and pushed farther westward, to encounter new perils and privations in the effort to regain the meager comforts which they had voluntarily renounced. Many of them had already forsaken that region for the remoter settlements, but among those remaining was one who had been of those first arriving. He lived alone in a house of logs surrounded on all sides by the great forest, of whose gloom and silence he seemed a part, for no one had ever known him to smile nor speak a needless word. His simple wants were supplied by the sale or barter of skins of wild animals in the ri ver town, for not a thing did he grow upon the land which, if needful, he might have claimed by right of undisturbed possession. There were evidences of improvementa few acres of ground immediately about the house had once been cleared of its trees, the decayed stumps of which were half concealed by the new growth that had been suffered to repair the ravage wrought by the ax. Apparently the mans zeal for agriculture had burned with a failing flame, expiring in penitential ashes. The little log house, with its chimney of sticks, its roof of warping clapboards supported and weighted with traversing poles and its chinking of clay, had a single door and, directly opposite, a window. The latter, however, was boarded upnobody could remember a time when it was not. And none knew why it was so closed; certainly not because of the occupants dislike of light and air, for on those rare occasions when a hunter had passed that lonely spot the recluse had commonly been seen sunning himself on his doorstep if heaven had provided sunshine for his need. I fancy there are few persons living today who ever knew the secret of that window, but I am one, as you shall see. The mans name was said to be Murlock. He was apparently seventy years old, actually about fifty. Something besides years had had a hand in his aging. His hair and long, full beard were white, his gray, lusterless eyes sunken, his face singularly seamed with wrinkles which appeared to belong to two intersecting systems. In figure he was tall and spare, with a stoop of the shouldersa burden bearer. I never saw him; these particulars I learned from my grandfather, from whom also I got the mans story when I was a lad. He had known him when living near by in that early day. One day Murlock was found in his cabin, dead. It was not a time and place for coroners and newspapers, and I suppose it was agreed that he had died from natural causes or I should have been told, and should remember. I know only that with what was probably a sense of the fitness of things the body was buried near the cabin, alongside the grave of his wife, who had preceded him by so many years that local tradition had retained hardly a hint of her existence. Question 1 As it is used in paragraph one, the word indigence most nearly means†¦A. sustenanceB. wealthC. influenceD. poverty Answer and Explanation Question 2 As it is used near the end of paragraph one, the word suffered most nearly means†¦A. enduredB. allowedC. instructedD. agonized Answer and Explanation Question 3 As it is used in paragraph two, the word traversing most nearly means†¦A. travelingB. crossingC. shiftingD. holding Answer and Explanation Question 4 As it is used in paragraph three, the word lusterless most nearly means†¦A. dullB. brokenC. barrenD. alarming Answer and Explanation Question 5 As it is used in paragraph five, the word retained most nearly means†¦A. romanticizedB. commendedC. preservedD. illustrated Answer and Explanation

Understanding the Fifth Amendments Protections

Understanding the Fifth Amendments Protections The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as a provision of the Bill of Rights, enumerates several of the most important protections of persons accused of crimes under the American criminal justice system. These protections include: Protection from being prosecuted for crimes unless first legally indicted by a Grand Jury.Protection from â€Å"double jeopardy† - being prosecuted more than once for the same criminal act.Protection from â€Å"self-incrimination† - being forced to testify or provide evidence against one’s self.Protection against being deprived of life, liberty, or property without â€Å"due process of law† or just compensation. The Fifth Amendment, as part of the original 12 provisions of the Bill of Rights, was submitted to the states by Congress on September 25, 1789, and was ratified on December 15, 1791. The complete text of the Fifth Amendment states: No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Indictment By a Grand Jury Nobody can be forced to stand trial for a serious (â€Å"capital, or otherwise infamous†) crime, except in a military court or during declared wars, without having first been indicted - or formally charged - by a grand jury. The grand jury indictment clause of the Fifth Amendment has never been interpreted by the courts as applying under the â€Å"due process of law† doctrine of the Fourteenth Amendment, meaning that it applies only to felony charges filed in the federal courts. While several states have grand juries, defendants in state criminal courts do not have a Fifth Amendment right to indictment by a grand jury.    Double Jeopardy The Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment mandates that defendants, once acquitted of a certain charge, may not be tried again for the same offense at the same jurisdictional level. Defendants may be tried again if the previous trial ended in a mistrial or hung jury, if there is evidence of fraud in the previous trial, or if the charges are not precisely the same - for example, the Los Angeles police officers who were accused of beating Rodney King, after being acquitted on state charges, were convicted on federal charges for the same offense. Specifically, the Double Jeopardy Clause applies to subsequent prosecution after acquittals, after convictions, after certain mistrials, and in cases of multiple charges included in the same Grand Jury indictment. Self Incrimination The best-known clause in the 5th Amendment (â€Å"No person ... shall be compelled in a criminal case to be a witness against himself†) protects suspects from forced self-incrimination. When suspects invoke their Fifth Amendment right to remain silent, this is referred to in the vernacular as â€Å"pleading the Fifth.† While judges always instruct jurors that pleading the Fifth should never be taken as a sign or tacit admission of guilt, television courtroom dramas generally portray it as such. Just because suspects have  Fifth Amendment  rights against self-incrimination  does not mean that they  know  about those rights. Police  have often used, and sometimes still use, a suspects ignorance regarding his or her own civil rights to build a case. This all changed with  Miranda v. Arizona  (1966), the  Supreme Court  case that created the statement officers are now required to issue upon arrest beginning with the words You have the right to remain silent... Property Rights and the Takings Clause The last clause of the Fifth Amendment, known as the Takings Clause, protects the peoples’ basic property rights by banning federal, state and local governments from taking privately owned property for public use under their rights of eminent domain without offering the owners â€Å"just compensation.† However, the U.S.  Supreme Court, through its controversial 2005 decision in the case of Kelo v. New London weakened the Takings Clause by ruling that cities could claim private property under eminent domain for purely economic, rather than public purposes, like schools, freeways or bridges. Updated by Robert Longley